Corruption moves each year between $ 1.500 and $ 2.000 million in bribes in both poor and rich countries, he warned the managing director of International Monetary Fund (IMF), Christine Lagarde.
losses bribes account for about 2% of global GDP, Lagarde said in an essay that will be presented Thursday at the Anti Corruption Summit, convened by British Prime Minister David Cameron in London.
However, your document Lagarde recalled that ‘bribes are just a part of all possible forms of corruption’ and therefore the total cost ‘is very high. “
in general, Lagarde said, the sum of the direct and indirect costs of corruption ‘leads to low growth and growth of inequality’ and has ‘a corrosive impact’ on societies, such as distrust in government and erosion of social values.
in addition , corruption slows both local and foreign investment and helps perpetuate inefficiency, with direct consequences on the ability of governments to apply resources in areas such as education and health.
Thus, the phenomenon ‘disproportionately affects the poor ‘, as these people are more dependent on government services, he said.
in the vision of Lagarde, the effective confrontation of the phenomenon of corruption requires an approach’ holistic ‘that includes the elements that make up the image of ‘carrot and stick’ in the form of sanctions and incentives.
‘Various instruments generally characterized as disciplinary nature (the stick) can improve accountability. Other instruments provide positive (carrot) reinforcement, “Lagarde wrote.
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